Clinopodium nepeta
| Lesser calamint | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Lamiaceae |
| Genus: | Clinopodium |
| Species: | C. nepeta
|
| Binomial name | |
| Clinopodium nepeta | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
| |
Clinopodium nepeta (synonym: Calamintha nepeta), known as lesser calamint,[2] is a perennial herb of the mint family known for having fragrant, grey-green, oregano like leaves with a pennyroyal smell. This plant commonly grows across the Mediterranean, North Africa and parts of Central Asia and has traditionally been used as a folk medicine and culinary herb [3]. A recent study also found cultivars of lesser catmint that had the same compounds in catnip that cause the euphoric effect in cats, known as nepetalactone [4].
Description
[edit]
Lesser calamint is a perennial shrub, forming a compact mound of shiny, green oregano-like leaves. The flowers are lavender pink. The plant reaches a height of 46 centimetres (18 inches).[5] The lesser calamint smells like a cross between mint and oregano. It attracts honeybees and butterflies.[6] lesser cat mints are also often described as having a Lesser calamint usually grows in the summer, and well into the fall. It can become dormant in the winter months, then reblossom in spring. In fall, the flowers fall to the ground and will self-seed. Seedlings will flower in late August.[6] Lesser calamint often grows wild, but can also be kept in pots. The average life expectancy of a plant is 3–4 years. It is susceptible to powdery mildew.[6]
Taxonomy
[edit]The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753 as Melissa nepeta. It was subsequently placed in Calamintha, Thymus, Satureja and Clinopodium, among other genera. The last of these is currently accepted by the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families.[1]
Subspecies
[edit]Three subspecies are recognized:[1]
- Clinopodium nepeta subsp. nepeta – South Central and Southern Europe to Northern Iran
- Clinopodium nepeta subsp. spruneri – Mediterranean to the Caucasus
- Clinopodium nepeta subsp. subisodontum – East Central and Southeast Europe
Uses
[edit]Lesser calamint is commonly used as an herb in the Italian and Corsican cuisine, where it is called nepita, mentuccia, nipitella or nepitella. In Rome, it is used in the preparation of the Carciofi alla Romana. In southern Italy, it is used in the making of a goat cheese called cassiedu, giving the cheese a minty taste.[7]. Some sources state that Nepeta nepetella can be used in cooking like the lesser calamint.[8]
C. nepeta has a long history of use as an herbal medicine as a tea for cramps and the digestive tract[9]. Additionally, hydrodistilled essential oil made from C. nepeta have seen use in alleviating symptoms of insomnia, headache, and respiratory illness[9]
Research has found that extracts like essential oils, have applications as anti fungal, insecticidal, and insect repellant activity[10]. Moreover, it has recently been deiscovered that some cultivars of C. nepeta contain nepetalactone, the compound in true catnip famous for the euphoric effect it has on cats, this may also contribute to insect repelent properties of extracts made from C. nepeta plants[4].
References
[edit]
- ^ a b c d "Clinopodium nepeta", World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, archived from the original on 2021-08-31, retrieved 2016-08-01
- ^ BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
- ^ Vlachou, Georgia; Papafotiou, Maria; Bertsouklis, Konstantinos F. (September 2019). "Studies on Seed Germination and Micropropagation of Clinopodium nepeta: A Medicinal and Aromatic Plant". HortScience. 54 (9): 1558–1564. doi:10.21273/HORTSCI13996-19.
- ^ a b Zorde, Martin; Lockhart, Anthony; Vasilatis, Ariane; Gomes, Erik; Wu, Qingli; Simon, James (28 March 2024). "Chemical Variability in Clinopodium nepeta: A New Source of Nepetalactones". Journal of Medicinally Active Plants. 13 (1). doi:10.7275/jmap.2034.
- ^ "Organic Medicinal Herb Plants for Sale". Archived from the original on 2011-07-08. Retrieved 2009-09-09.
- ^ a b c "Lesser calamint". Archived from the original on 2009-11-03. Retrieved 2009-09-09.
- ^ Pieroni, Andrea (2005). Prance, Ghillean; Nesbitt, Mark (eds.). The Cultural History of Plants. Routledge. p. 39. ISBN 0415927463.
- ^ "Mentuccia, nepetella o nepitella? Facciamo un po' di chiarezza". Valfrutta (in Italian). Archived from the original on 20 September 2020. Retrieved 14 May 2020.
- ^ a b Džudžević-Čančar, Hurija; Boškailo, Emina; Dedić, Alema; Marijanović, Zvonimir; Alispahić, Amra; Čančar, Ismet Fatih; Vidic, Danijela; Jerković, Igor (1 January 2023). "Clinopodium nepeta (L.) Kuntze from Bosnia and Herzegovina: Chemical Characterisation of Headspace and Essential Oil of Fresh and Dried Samples". Records of Natural Products (2): 300–311. doi:10.25135/rnp.357.2207.2504.
- ^ Debbabi, Haïfa; El Mokni, Ridha; Chaieb, Ikbal; Nardoni, Simona; Maggi, Filippo; Caprioli, Giovanni; Hammami, Saoussen (2 May 2020). "Chemical Composition, Antifungal and Insecticidal Activities of the Essential Oils from Tunisian Clinopodium nepeta subsp. nepeta and Clinopodium nepeta subsp. glandulosum". Molecules. 25 (9): 2137. doi:10.3390/molecules25092137. PMC 7249092. PMID 32370305.
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